Increasing the efficiency of arable land use by cropping plan optimization in the peasant farm enterprise KFKH Kristina in the Omsk Region

Abstract

The results of optimizing the cropping plan for arable lands in the peasant farm enterprise KFKh Kristina in the Maryanovskiy District of the Omsk Region are discussed. On average for 2021-2023, the sown area of the enterprise is 12,656 ha. In 2023, as compared to 2021, the area under grain crops decreased by 1,516 ha due to decrease of crop list, increase of black fallow by 557 ha and areas under oil-bearing crops (crown flax, oil seed rape) by 774 ha. The largest area percentage is under grain crops (40.2%) of which a significant area is occupied by spring wheat (2693 ha). In addition to cereal crops, peas (1,404 ha), rape (2,036 ha) and crown flax (1,881 ha) are grown. Black fallow occupies 2260 ha. According to the guidelines on approximate cropping plan for arable lands in the farm enterprises of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region developed by the team of authors of the Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, the share of fallows should amount to 16-20%, grain crops - 47-51%, legumes - 3-5%, oil-bearing crops - 0.8-1.0%, and forage crops - 26-32%. Using the method of economic and mathematical modeling, an optimization model of crop ratio was compiled which ensured progressive development of the enterprise and obtaining the greatest economic effect (1296.384 thousand rubles). To intensify production, it is necessary to increase the area under spring wheat (by 10.2%). At the same time, it is advisable to sow varieties of this crop from three ripeness groups at once in the correct ratio: middle-early (6%), mid-ripening (14.1%), and semi-late varieties (11.5%). It is advisable to reduce the area under barley to 1822 ha, peas - to 633 ha, oil-bearing crops - to 127 ha, but to increase the share of oats to 5%. It is also advisable to introduce in the cropping plan at least the minimum specified limit of 26% of forage crops (3379 ha) which can be represented by silage crops, annual and perennial grasses.