Use of protein markers in plant breeding to improve the quality of barley varieties

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to increase the main indices of grain quality by the method of protein markers when developing varieties of the targeted use. Hordein polymorphism of 36 homogeneous accessions of competitive variety testing was studied by electrophoresis in starch gel. The study of the allelic composition of the hordein-coding loci of the breeding material revealed the variants A4, A23, B4, B164 and F3 clearly associated with low protein content parameters (10.8-11.5%) and high extractive substances (81.1-82.6%) in barley grain. The alleles A126, B21, B25, F1, associated with a higher protein level (12.6-13.3%), turned out to be valuable for feed purposes. Grain quality indices of universal use are associated with allelic variants A2, A23, B28, and F2. According to the frequency of allele occurrence, it was found that the main direction of selection in malting barley was in the direction of allele variants A23 (11.1%), B45 (8.3%), B164 (11.1%), F3 (22.2%). The forage varieties were characterized by a high frequency of A2 (22.2%), B25 (25.0%), F2 (27.8%) alleles, and universal varieties - A2 (22.2%), B8 (25.0%), F2 (22.2%) alleles. The formulas of hordein combining alleles characteristic of the best varieties of malting barley (A2 B45 F2; A2 B45F 3; A23 B164 F3; A4 B164 F3), universal barley (A2 B8 F2; A18 B8 F2; A23 B8 F2) and forage barley (A2 B25 F1) were identified.