Effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with Sporeks biological product and Tsitogumat Start fertilizer against the background of mineral fertilizers

Abstract

Under modern conditions of crop growing, the use of microbial products and complex organo-mineral fertilizers to obtain safe plant products is of particular importance. In the Biya-Chumysh zone of the Altai Region, we conducted a field experiment with pre-sowing treatment of KWS Sunset spring wheat seeds with the Sporeks biological product and the Tsitogumat Start complex organo-mineral fertilizer after rape as preceding crop against the background of the application of N₇₅P₁₈K₁₈ mineral fertilizer (including N₄₁P₁₈K₁₈ at sowing) in comparison with the Diamond Super seed dressing agent. The evaluation of the state of the microbial community was carried out by the inoculation of soil suspensions on dense nutrient media; and the direction of microbiological processes and the formation of structural elements of spring wheat yield formula and grain quality were evaluated by the standard methods used in microbiological research and plant growing. The obtained results showed that the biological product Sporeks as a biofungicide and phosphate mobilizer, against the background of N₇₅P₁₈K₁₈ application compared to the technology of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds used on the farm, increased the decomposition of flax linen, proteolytic activity, azotobacteria count, and contributed to the yield gain by 0.22 t ha. The organo-mineral fertilizer Tsitogumat Start, due to the content of macro- and micronutrients in its composition, enhanced the process of organic matter mineralization and ensured a gain of 0.12 t ha. The greatest yield gain by 0.30 t ha was ensured by the combined use of Sporeks and Tsitogumat Start for pre-sowing seed treatment which was achieved by enhancing microbiological processes and increasing the activity of cellulase and protease enzymes. At the same time, the protein content in wheat grain increased from 13.13 to 13.47%, and gluten content - from 24.38 to 27.03%; thousand-kernel weight decreased slightly. The grain belonged to the 3rd quality class. The costs of the studied products did not exceed those when using the chemical seed dressing agent Diamond Super.