Effect of GSN products on chernozem biological activity of the Aleyskaya zone of the Altai Region when growing wheat by No-Till technology

Abstract

Soil biological activity is an integral index of changes in soil fertility when using biological products and other technologies for growing field crops. The study of innovative products in chernozems of the steppe zone of the Altai Region regarding changes in microbiocenosis and transformation of organic matter is a relevant and understudied issue. The research goal was to study the effect of GSN series biological products when used in No-Till technology on changes in microbial cenosis, biological activity and wheat yield. The field experiment was conducted on leached chernozems on the farm of the KKh Mamatov G.A. in the Aleyskiy District of the Altai Region in 2024. The products GSN-2002 and GSN-2002 (Soil) were used to treat straw and soil, and the GSN-2004 product was used to treat the Buran variety seeds and for foliar dressing of growing plants. All activities, tests and laboratory studies were carried out according to the generally accepted methods in plant growing and soil microbiology. Increase count of zymogenic microflora was found during the flowering period of wheat with predominance of immobilizers growing on starch-ammonia agar (SAA) and increasing the mineralization of organic matter. At the same time, the GSN series products increased the transformation of organic matter 1.4-2.1 times due to the development of ammonifiers and oligonitrophiles. By autumn, profound changes occurred in the soil microbiome. The count of ammonifying bacteria (BEA) decreased 2-3 times, immobilizing bacteria (CAA) decreased 3.4-9.6 times and oligotrophic microorganisms - 2.57-3.1 times; the count of soil micromycetes increased 1.3-2.3 times. The number of all groups of microorganisms when using the GSN series products significantly increased and closely correlated (r = 0.52) with the wheat yield. Their maximum counts were observed in the variants GSN-2002 + GSN-2002 (Soil) + GSN-2004 seed treatment and GSN-2002 + GSN-2002 (Soil) + GSN-2004 + GSN-2004 seed and crop treatments