Patterns of change of quality indices of spring wheat crops by seeding complexes with different seeding working bodies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2024-242-12-84-90Keywords:
spring wheat, seeding complexes, seeding coulters, seed placement depth, plant height, number of seedlings and their statistics, field germination, plant survival, productive tillering, differentiated seedingAbstract
The introduction of modern precision farming technologies in the cultivation of agricultural crops is inseparably associated with the quality of seed placement which largely determines the development of plants during the growing season and the formation of the crop. As the analysis shows, various options of seeding complexes and seeding working bodies are currently used for seeding grain crops. Moreover, they perform both direct seeding to untilled stubble field and to the fields cultivated by various methods of autumn and spring tillage. Depending on the agroclimatic conditions of farms, the seeding depth and uniformity when seeding with various complexes and the development of wheat plants during the growing season vary significantly. And when using differentiated seeding technologies, it is very important to obtain the required number of shoots in certain areas of the field in accordance with their characteristics. For this, it is necessary to empirically determine the quality indices of spring wheat crops with seeding complexes with various seeding working bodies under operating conditions. This paper presents the analysis of the qualitative indices of spring wheat crops and plant development during the growing season on the farms of the Altai Region for a long-term period from 2012 to 2023. The following was evaluated: the statistics of seeding depth, uniformity of sprouts, plant survival and their productive tillering when seeded by 8 seeding complexes (Condor, DMC, John Deer 1890, John Deer 730, Altai 12000, PK Kuzbass, SZP-3.6A, and SZS-2.1) on 11 farms of the region in 376 fields. Based on the processing of the obtained data, the statistics of changes in the estimated indices of seeding units were determined and their comparative evaluation was given by the types of seeding working bodies. The obtained results may be used to determine rational values of seeding rates for crops using complexes with different seeding working bodies and to introduce technologies for differentiated seeding of spring wheat.