Influence of milk production technology elements on economic efficiency of an enterprise

Abstract

In the Altai Region, on most old dairy farms with tie-up housing, the technology of keeping cows in groups is used where the animals are at different physiological states. The groups are assigned to machine milking operators who control feeding by giving concentrated feeds which is inefficient and technologically not advanced. In 2011, a regional program was developed in the Altai Region for the reconstruction and modernization of dairy farms. In this regard, even when using tie-up housing, the use of a continuous shop management system with feeding complete feed mixes is relevant. The main reason for the low efficiency of dairy farming in 2023 is the low selling price of milk compared to 2022, especially in 5 agricultural enterprises: PZ “im. Kirova” - by 14%, SPK “Pobeda” - by 10.6%, SPK “im. Pamyati Ostrovskogo” - by 12%, AO “Tabunskoe” - by 14%, and OOO “im. Engelsa” - by 12.6%. At the same time, there was no reduction in the selling price in the OOO “Slavgorodskoe”, and in the SPK “Nizhnesuetskiy”, the price increased by 15%. Another reason is the violation of the technology of differentiated feeding with the use of complete feed mixes. In the dairy herd, a uniform feed mix is used without taking into account the physiological periods which leads to a violation of standardized feeding. There is a disproportionate structure between feed costs and other costs, for example in the SPK “Pobeda” where other costs are greatly inflated. There is a low feed supply due to natural and climatic conditions in the AO “Tabunskoe”. Under tough market conditions, it is necessary to implement differentiated feeding using a continuous shop management system, both with tie-up housing in winter and loose housing in summer similar to that of the OOO “Slavgorodskoe”. Balancing supplements should be standardized taking into account the animal genetic potential.