Current state of seed production of grain and leguminous crops in the Krasnoyarsk Region

Abstract

The paper deals with the data on seed production in the Krasnoyarsk Region from 2019 through 2023; it identifies the tasks and requirements for seed production of agricultural crops, and discusses the methods and schemes for early generation seeds and the technologies for cultivating grain crops for seeds. The volumes of production of elite and reproduction seeds of grain varieties on the farms of the Krasnoyarsk Region were determined. Fundamental and applied research in the field of plant breeding and agriculture has made it possible to create a real prospect of obtaining grain yields of 3.5 t ha or more on advanced farms of the Krasnoyarsk Region: ZAO “Nazarovskoe”, AO “Solgon”, AO “Iskra”, and AO “Ptitsefabrika Zarya”. Currently, there are new and promising crop varieties, and there is a need to accelerate their reproduction. The analysis of the state of seed production in the region shows that improvement in this field of crop production is an urgent problem and is possible with an optimal combination of state support for scientific institutions and seed farms, in the implementation of contractual relations between patent holders of plant breeding achievements and consumers of seeds. The dynamic development of plant breeding and seed production should be based on a clear legislative framework, presented in the Federal Law “On Seed Production” dated December 22, 2021, which came into force on September 1, 2023. However, regardless of the organizational and legal forms, obtaining high-quality seeds depends on the level of on-farm seed production which provides for planning production volumes, selection of varieties, allocation of a specialized seed division, taking into account the peculiarities of crop cultivation technology and varieties, etc. The goal is to analyze the seed production of the main field crops in the Krasnoyarsk Region in order to provide agricultural farms in the region with high-yielding varieties of a new generation of early reproduction.