Formation of potato yield depending on the variety and growing season conditions

Abstract

In Russia, potatoes are one of the most widespread and demanded food crops. Over the last 4-5 years, according to the Resolutions and Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, and in connection with the imposed sanctions, there has been intensive development of many sectors of the Russian national economy including agricultural production. The areas under potatoes over the last 4-5 years have averaged about 1.1-1.2 million hectares. In the Altai Region, 82-86% of potato production is concentrated in households. To increase commercial production of potato tubers, new technologies are being introduced which largely rely on high-yielding varieties adapted to the growing conditions. The research was carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the Rubtsovsk-Aleysk steppe zone of the Altai Region. The potato varieties Adretta, Gala, Tuleevskiy, Romano and Elizaveta were studied. The largest average number of stems per plant was found in 2022 (7.0 pieces per plant) which was by 8.6% more than in 2021 (6.4 pieces per plant). Greater stability of this character was shown on plants of the Adretta and Tuleevskiy varieties on both years of research. The average tuber size obtained in 2022 (9.4 cm) exceeded the size of the tuber formed in 2021 by 2 cm. The Tuleevskiy variety significantly exceeded the control regarding this character on both years of research. Tuber formation was more uniform than in 2021. The maximum number of tubers per plant was formed in the Tuleyevskiy variety - 18.0 ± 0.7 pcs. per plant. The average tuber weight, in general, in the experiment, obtained in 2022, was by 26.1 g more than in 2021; the value of the indice was 73.3 g and 47.2 g, respectively. On two-year average, the yield ranged from 22.8 t ha (Romano variety) to 55.6 t ha (Tuleevskiy variety).