Yield and adaptability parameters of soybean germplasm under the conditions of the Cis-Azov region

Abstract

The research findings on 43 collection soybean genotypes in the Aksayskiy District of the Rostov Region are discussed. The research goal was to search the genotypes that effectively combined grain yield and high adaptive parameters. The average yield level from 2020 through 2023 varied between 235.5...751.6 grams of grain per plot. The standard variety Arleta had an average yield of 549.4 grams of grain per plot. The varieties Svapa, Selekta 201, Mechta, Kievskaya 98, Yuzhanka, Merlin, Delta, Ustya and Kitrossa statistically significantly exceeded the standard variety. Analysis of variance shows that the yielding capacity is much more influenced by environmental conditions (64%) rather than by genotype (24%). Therefore, the role of adaptability parameters in soybean germplasm research should be expanded. The highest coefficient of ecological variation (more than 70%) was found in the varieties Avanta, Viktoriya, Zaryanitsa, Soer 5, Annushka and Delta; the least (less than 47%) - in the varieties VNIIOZ 86, Belgorodskaya 8 and Ustya. High homeostaticity according to V.V. Khangildin (1981) above 11 units was observed in the varieties Svapa, Selekta 201, Yuzhanka, Ustya, Mechta and Vereteyka. The most flexible varieties (b_i > 1.4 units according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell) are the varieties Delta, Kievskaya 98, Mechta, Merlin, Svapa and Selekta 201. The most stable ones among the varieties under study (s²_d < 100 units) were the varieties Soer 7, Lantsetnaya, Yaselda and Soyka. Using cluster analysis, the studied parameters were grouped in two clusters. The first cluster included grain yield, homeostaticity according to V.V. Khangildin (1981), and b_i according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell (1966). The second cluster, at a much larger linkage distance, included s²_d and the coefficient of ecological variation CV_ecol. Weak correlations between some of the studied parameters indicate the need for their comprehensive research. The varieties Merlin, Kitrossa and Mechta most effectively combine grain yield and the considered adaptability parameters.