Evaluation of polymorphism in cows of different breeds by genes of productivity and resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2024-232-2-54-61Keywords:
selection, polymorphism, genotype, allele, frequency, Simmental cattle, Red Steppe cattle, Black-Pied cattle, inbreeding, gene balance, resistanceAbstract
The research goal was comparative evaluation of the polymorphism of the CSN3, LALBA, LEP, TNF-L-824, PIT-1, SCD1 genes in Simmental, Red Steppe and Black-Pied cows bred under different ecological and geographical conditions and to identify their resistance based on biochemical indices. It was found that breeds had some variability in the frequency of genotypes. The Red Steppe breed had higher frequency of the CSN3BB genotype by 10.3% than in cows of the Black-Pied breed, the LEPTT genotype by 22.0%, as compared to Simmental cows. Higher frequency of the LALBAAA genotype of this gene was observed in Black-Pied cows by 14.7% and 16.3% than in other compared breeds. The compared breeds had minor differences in the genotypes of the PIT-1 gene. The Simmental breed was characterized by higher concentration of the TNF-L-824GG genotype by 19.4% than the Red Steppe breed which, on the contrary, had higher frequency of the homozygous TNF-L-824AA genotype by 10.0%. In the Red Steppe breed, the frequency of the SCD1CC genotype was 66.0 which was by 21.3% higher than in the Black-Pied cows. No differences were found between the Simmental and Red Steppe breeds. The observed heterozygosity for the studied genes coincides with the expected one. A negative value of the fixation index (Fis) indicates the absence of inbreeding in the herds. The gene balance in the herds is not disturbed; χ2 is in the range of 0.012-1.509. The analysis of biochemical blood indices showed higher resistance status of Simmental cows, as compared to Black-Pied and Red Steppe cows in terms of protein content in blood serum by 13.97 g L, and 23.90 g L, globulins by 20.35 g L and 23.58 g L and γ-globulins by 21.57 g L and 23.41 g L, in comparison with the Red Steppe and Black-and-Pied breeds. The albumin-globulin ratio is higher in the Black-Pied breed (0.66) by 0.11-0.22 than in Simmental and Red Steppe cows which indicates more intense protein metabolism.