To substantiation of machine parameters with automated control system of working bodies for tillage in fruit nurseries

Abstract

To achieve higher tillage quality and crop quality in fruit nurseries, it is proposed to use a group of machines consisting of a rotary tiller, a para-plow with active working bodies (rotors) and a machine with an automated control system for working bodies (ACS). The research goal was the substantiation of the parameters of a machine with ACS for tillage based on analysis of the measurements of planting parameters in fruit nurseries. The measurements were taken in three fruit nurseries in the Altai Region; and in fruit nursery No. 1, soil slots were formed by using a para-plow with a passive working body, and in fruit nurseries No. 2 and No. 3 - by using a rotary para-plow. The deviation of a nursery transplant from the row line was defined as the difference between the average value of the distance from the transplant to the baseline and the measurement; the average values of this parameter were 19.2, 9.9 and 9.1 cm for each fruit nursery, respectively. The distance between adjacent transplants across a row was defined as the difference between adjacent measurements; the average values of this parameter were 4.1, 1.6 and 1.6 cm for each fruit nursery, respectively. The maximum distance between adjacent transplants across a row was determined as the sum of the expected values and the triple standard deviation of this parameter; values of this parameter were 13.7, 5.5 and 5.2 cm for each fruit nursery, respectively. Based on the results of the study, the following was determined: the distance between adjacent transplants across the row when making slots with a rotary para-plow did not exceed the width of the slot; the working range of a machine with ACS for tillage was at least 19.8 cm; the lateral speed of the machine module was at least 0.40 of the operating speed of the machine. When preparing a field for transplanting with a para-plow with passive working bodies, the lower limits of the specified parameters had higher values. The research findings are proposed for application in the development of a tillage machine for fruit nurseries.