Yielding capacity, grain quality and efficiency of spring wheat growing under different systems of mineral and microbiological fertilizer application in areas with different soil fertility

Abstract

The research goal is to analyze spring wheat yielding capacity, grain quality and economic efficiency of spring wheat growing using microbiological fertilizers Azofit N and Azofit P against the background of reducing rates of mineral fertilizer application in various areas of soil fertility in the fields of the farm SPK Kolos in the Romanovskiy District of the Altai Region. When the rate of mineral fertilizers was reduced from the control (100%) to 85% and the microbiological fertilizers were applied, the average wheat yield increased by 0.17 t ha. With further reduction of fertilizer rates to 70% and 50% of the control, the average yields decreased to 3.75 t ha and 3.49 t ha, respectively. At the same time, the average values of grain-unit and gluten deformation index differed slightly. The value of gluten content in the grain was maximum in the control (24.7%), and minimum in the variant 85% of the control with the maximum average yield (22.5%). On average, in the fertilizer application variants, the best results were obtained with an application rate of 85% of the control with application of microbiological fertilizers. The difference between the output and the costs of seeds and fertilizers was maximum and amounted to 52,597 rubles ha with an average yield of 4.16 t ha. Of the soil fertility zones, the greatest effect was obtained on average with high fertility (average wheat yield of 4.09 t ha, the difference between yield and fertilizer costs was 54,801 rubles ha). In the zone of medium fertility, the yield was lower by 0.21 t ha, and the income decreased by 2308 rubles ha. And in the low fertility zone, the yield decrease was 0.41 t ha with income decrease by 7290 rubles ha. Thus, the factor of the field fertility zone under the year conditions turned out to be even more significant than the change of fertilizer rates and biological product application.