Optimization of spraying fluid consumption when spraying emmer wheat crops with herbicide

Abstract

The research data are presented on the consumption rate of spraying fluid (50, 100 and 200 L ha) when spraying the herbicide Puma Plus, emulsifiable concentrate, (1.4 L ha) on emmer wheat crops of the Runo variety. The experiments were conducted from 2020 through 2022 on meadow-chernozemic medium-thick, low-humus, medium-loamy soil in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region. The emmer wheat crops were grown in the following crop rotation: bare fallow - wheat - emmer wheat - wheat. Emmer wheat sowing rate amounted to 2.5 million germinable seeds per hectare; the sowing dates - within the second ten-days of May. The crop was sown against the background without any fertilizers and with pre-sowing application of ammonium phosphate fertilizer (N₁₂P₅₂). The crops were sprayed with herbicide at the tillering stage. It was found that the optimal consumption rate of spraying fluid at herbicide treatment was 200 L ha. The survival rate of emmer wheat plants increased compared to the use of 50 L ha by 1.7% (against unfertilized background) and by 1.9% (against fertilized background). The weed percentage decreased by 0.83% and 0.58% depending on the nutrition background and was at the level of weak weed infestation. In general, fertilizer application increased weed infestation of the agrophytocenosis (by 0.56%). The yields of emmer wheat grain with increased consumption of spraying fluid from 50 to 200 L ha increased by 0.16 t ha (when sowing the crop without fertilizer application) and 0.17 t ha (when applying ammonium phosphate fertilizer before sowing). The application of fertilizers increased the levels of crop yield depending on the variant by 0.12...0.17 t ha.