Formation of biomass and yield formula of common bean accessions (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under growing conditions

Abstract

Common bean is one of the most popular leguminous crops. It is a source of complete vegetable protein and also an important crop in the development of advanced ecological farming systems. The development of commercial growing of common bean largely depends on the varieties and agricultural technology. The research goal was a comprehensive evaluation of the formation of the yield formula and obtained biomass of common bean accessions under the conditions of the Altai Region’s Ob River area. The research targets were 9 Russian varieties of the determinate type: Fizkulturnitsa, Omskaya Yubileynaya, Lukerya, Olivkovaya, Omichka, Businka, Zebra, Nerussa, Sirenevaya and 3 local forms: MF1, MF2, MF3. The variety Sirenevaya, developed in the Altai Region, was used as the control. The values of biomass components (leaves, straw, husks and seeds) and wastes from processing common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for 2022 and 2023 are presented in the table and figures. The biomass of the accessions in our study varied depending on the variety and year conditions. The average weight of one plant in 2023 (31.4 g) significantly exceeded the indices of the character obtained in 2022 (8.1 g). As two-year average, the largest weight of one plant was obtained from MF 2 - 37.9 ± 29.7 g, from the Altai variety Businka - 24.7 ± 15.4 g, and variety Nerussa - 29.7 ± 12.5 g. In terms of plant height, on both years of research, the following varieties stood out: Lukerya (2022 - 32.4 cm; 2023 - 49.3 cm), Nerussa (2022 - 34.7 cm; 2023 - 44.3 cm), MF2 (2022 – 29.3 cm; 2023 – 48.9 cm). There was no lodging of plants to harvesting in any of the varieties. According to the character “the height of lower pod attachment”, all the varieties may be classified as suitable for mechanized harvesting.