Substantiation of the criterion and standard of a unit for comparative evaluation of machine technologies in crop production

Abstract

The peculiarity of the soil and climatic conditions of the Amur Region is the deformation of the soil during field operations which is often subject to the laws of the theory of plasticity when compressing a thin layer on a rigid base. To evaluate the mechanical degradation of the soil under these conditions, it is proposed to use the index of compacting effect (U, kN m). The physical meaning of the compaction effect index is the amount of mechanical work of the unit spent on technogenic mechanical degradation of the soil during the working path of the unit. The research goal is to determine the parameters of the basic unit taken as a standard with an acceptable compacting effect on the soil. The values of the maximum loads on the soil and the compacting effect on the soil of the undercarriage of wheeled tractors used in crop production of the Amur Region are determined. It is determined that the operational weight of the tractor has a significant impact on the change in soil strength and density both along the tractor track and beyond at a distance of up to 1.0 m. As a result of the research, a standard (reference unit) for comparative evaluation of units according to the degree of technogenic mechanical impact on the soil during field operations has been substantiated - a sowing unit with a 4k4b tractor of the third traction class.