Monitoring of spring soft wheat varieties regarding productivity and grain quality in the Altai Region

Abstract

According to the state register of breeding achievements, most spring soft wheat varieties developed in the Altai Region belong to the mid-season and mid-late maturity groups. All of them differ in the diversity of economic traits and properties and correspond to the main breeding trends of spring soft wheat at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies. The mid-season and mid-late spring soft wheat varieties developed in the Altai Region are widely distributed across all soil and climatic zones. Over time, the productivity potential of the varieties already introduced into production declines. To develop new and highly productive varieties adapted to the growing conditions, appropriate starting material is requires. Our research on the selection of initial forms was conducted in 2022 and 2023 in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Region’s Ob River area in the experimental plot of the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies. Twenty-four spring soft wheat varieties of the mid-season and mid-late maturity groups were studied regarding yield formula elements and grain quality. A two-year study of mid-season and mid-late spring soft wheat varieties regarding yield formula elements and grain quality revealed the best accessions: Omskaya 42 (spike length, main spike grain weight, thousand-kernel weight), Union (grain content of the main spike, grain weight of the main spike, yield), Burlak (spike length, thousand-kernel weight, yield), Taya (spike length, number of spikelets per spike, grain content of the main spike, grain protein content), and Tibalt (productive tillering coefficient, grain content of the main spike, yield). The five genotypes of spring soft wheat identified by a set of economic characters may be used as promising accessions for developing new productive mid-season and mid-late varieties.