Role of ventilation emissions dispersal processes in ensuring environmental safety

Abstract

The issues of ensuring environmental safety of livestock complexes by installing various systems of dispersion of ventilation emissions are discussed. The data on the typical composition of emissions of these complexes, their impact on the environment and the average concentrations of the most dangerous components of emissions and the impact of these concentrations on animals are dealt with. In particular, the data on the results of the study of bioaerosols and microorganisms found in the air of the premises of animal complexes were considered in detail. Three main concepts of reducing the concentrations of pollutants in ventilation emissions and their comparative characteristics are presented. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness of cleaning ventilation emissions using each of those methods. The main difference between ventilation systems and dispersion systems is shown as well as the increase in the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of pollutants when these systems are used together. The main types of dispersion systems are overviewed along with their effectiveness and energy consumption. Other factors that affect the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere as atmospheric conditions and the terrain near the source of ventilation emissions are also listed. A hypothesis has been formulated on how to achieve high efficiency in cleaning emissions while simultaneously reducing energy consumption for ventilation and dispersion systems depending on the vertical stability of the atmosphere, the strength and direction of the wind, and the technological processes within livestock complexes. It is concluded that the processes of ventilation emission dispersion are not only an environmental, but also a biological and economic problem, and this problem has a significant impact on the efficiency and environmental safety of any livestock complex. A scientifically based assessment of these processes allows for the development of measures to optimize ventilation, reduce the concentration of harmful substances, and prevent animal diseases which ultimately contributes to increasing the productivity and sustainability of livestock enterprises.