Effect of foliar dressing on winter wheat yields

Abstract

The studies were conducted to identify the effect of biological products on winter wheat crops to obtain stable yields of high-quality grain products. The research was carried out from 2023 through 2025 in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on chestnut soils. The field experiment design included the study of the following variants: 1) no treatment (control);
2) Biostim Zernovoy - 2.0 L ha; 3) AgroMineral - 2.0 L ha; 4) Biostim Zernovoy - 1 L ha + AgroMineral - 1 L ha; 5) Biostim Zernovoy - 1.5 L ha + AgroMineral - 1.5 L ha. The agrochemical indices of the soil were as following: humus content (according to Tyurin) - 3.0…3.5%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen - 60…68 mg kg of soil, pH - 7.5…7.8, the content of exchangeable phosphorus - 15…17 mg kg (according to Machigin), exchangeable potassium - 201…282 mg kg of soil. It was found that the biological product AgroMineral (2 L ha) ensured the photosynthetic potential for the varieties as much as 2.56…2.59 million m² ha × days, respectively. On average, during the growing season, the net photosynthetic productivity (NPP) indices in the experiment varied within the range of 4.38…4.72 g m² day for the Fedor variety, and 4.42…4.78 g m² day for the Bumba variety. Dry matter accumulated within the range from 4.92 to 5.64 t ha for the experimental variants of the Fedor variety; from 4.97 to 5.570 t ha for the Bumba variety, and the greatest amount - 4.72...4.78 t ha was formed for the varieties in the variant of applying the product Biostim Zernovoy - 1.5 L ha + AgroMineral - 1.5 L ha. It was found that the yield of winter wheat in the control was 4.23...4.29 t ha. The biological products increased grain production by 11.1...38.1% for the Fedor variety, and by 12.8...41.3% for the Bumba variety. The yield gain was 0.47...1.61 t ha, and 0.55...1.77 t ha, respectively.