Binary seeding as one of the key elements of agriculture biologization: influence on soil nutrition regime and spring grain crop productivity

Abstract

The results of 2024-2025 field trials on leached chernozem on the effect of mixed seeding of spring wheat and spring barley with clover or lupine in combination with the product BisolbiSan, Zh (liquid) on the dynamics of mobile forms of nitrogen (N-NH₄, N-NO₃), phosphorus (P₂O₅), potassium (K₂O) and crop yield are discussed. The differences in moisture conditions in the study years during the initial period of the growing season determined the different nature of the relationship of productivity and nutrients. With increased hydrothermal index (HTI), spring wheat yields correlated with accumulated mineral nitrogen (N-NO₃ + N-NH₄) and mobile phosphorus (P₂O₅) at the tillering stage (the correlation coefficients were 0.58 and 0.48, respectively). With insufficient moisture at the beginning of the growing season (HTI = 0.50), close direct relationship was revealed between spring barley and the ammonium nitrogen content (N-NH₄) at the emergence stage. The highest productivity for both crops was achieved with an integrated system of biological techniques: binary seeding with lupine, pre-seeding seed treatment, and two applications of BisolbiSan, Zh (liquid) product during the growing season. For spring wheat, this technique yielded 1.72 t ha, and for spring barley – 2.84 t ha, significantly exceeding the yield of the technique using elements of intensive technology (N₃₀) (2.67 t ha). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of binary seeding with lupine in combination with the biological product as a method for optimizing the nutrient regime and contributing to increased productivity of spring grain crops in the region.