Rational seeding unit selection for differential sowing of spring wheat and mineral fertilizer application in the Altai Region

Abstract

The substantiation of the selection of a rational seeding unit for differential sowing and fertilizer application taking into account soil heterogeneity across field parts is discussed. The research goal is to enhance the efficiency of differential sowing and mineral fertilizer application through the substantiation of the rational parameters and operating modes of the seeding unit. To implement the technology, specialized machines equipped with navigation systems and sectional control capabilities are used. The communication between the machines is carried out via ISOBUS terminals. The use of ISOBUS terminals is the most widespread technical solution for loading and executing maps based on NDVI indices and their variations. During the research, calculations and comparisons of various seeding unit options were conducted examining combinations of tractors with engine power ranging from 220–309 kW and seeders with working widths of 6–12 meters. It was found that the most effective machine-tractor unit (MTU) option was the combination of a 309 kW tractor and a 9-meter seeder. In this configuration, both operating costs (637.5 RUB ha) and total costs (987.2 RUB ha) were minimal. The conducted calculations ensure proper configuration of the seeding unit by selecting rational parameters for both the tractor and the seeding complex. While the function of differential sowing and fertilizer application slightly increases the cost and weight of the MTU, the costs rise marginally. However, this provides the opportunity to achieve potentially higher yields. The results of our field trials demonstrate the high economic efficiency of the differential approach with only a slight increase in equipment costs. The technology enables increased crop yields and grain quality when correctly applied across soil fertility zones.