Features of the effect of the BisolbiSan, Zh (liquid) product as an element of agriculture biologization on soil agrochemical properties and spring wheat productivity under the conditions of the temperately arid forest-outlier steppe of the Altai Region

Abstract

The research goal is to investigate the impact of agriculture biologization practices on soil agrochemical properties and productivity of the Buran spring wheat variety in temperately arid forest-outlier steppe. The field experiments were conducted in 2023 and 2024 on leached chernozem at the Altai State Agricultural University’s experimental agricultural station. The experimental design included five combination variants of the microbiological product BisolbiSan, Zh (liquid) against the background of no mineral fertilizer application. A plot under intensive farming system was the control. The growing season of 2023 was characterized by insufficient precipitation and high temperatures, while 2024 was exceptionally wet and warm. The content levels of mobile nutrients (N-NO₃, N-NH₄, P₂O₅, K₂O) were determined at the germination, tillering, and full maturity stages. It was found that under the droughty conditions of 2023, the use of the biological product resulted in a yield of 2.30 t ha which exceeded the results of the intensive technology (2.11 t ha). Under the conditions of excessive moisture in 2024, the maximum yield among the biologization variants of 1.55 t ha was achieved with pre-sowing seed treatment. The dynamics of nutrients showed that these variants were characterized by increased content of nitrate nitrogen during the critical tillering phase. Positive relationship was found between yield and nitrate nitrogen content during the tillering stage (r = 0.81 in 2024). The experimental findings indicate that the use of the product as a biologization technique improves nitrogen nutrition of spring wheat. The use of the biological product BisolbiSan, Zh (liquid) is an adaptive strategy for increasing the yields of spring wheat under the conditions of hydrothermal stress.