Bioenergetic evaluation of spring wheat variety growing depending on fertilizer rates and climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

Abstract

The research goal is to evaluate the bioenergetic efficiency of the effect of various fertilizer rates on the yield of spring wheat varieties under the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The research was conducted in 2020, 2021, 2023 and 2024 in the experimental fields of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The research targets were spring wheat varieties Krasnoyarskaya 12, Kanskaya, and Novosibirskaya 31. The experimental design was as following: a) control (no mineral fertilizers); b) fertilizer application (N₆₀P₃₀K₃₀), nitrogen strip; c) fertilization (N₉₀P₃₀K₃₀), NPK fertilizer + ammonium nitrate. On favorable years (2021, 2023), fertilization led to increased yields of all wheat varieties by 0.9-1.2 t ha compared to the control plots where fertilizers were not applied. On unfavorable years (2020, 2024), with fertilization, the yields decreased by 0.3-0.5 t ha. Energy consumption per hectare increased and amounted to 11.6 GJ ha with the minimum fertilizer rate and 16.8 GJ ha with the maximum rate. The largest yield of total energy per hectare was recorded on favorable years: 44.5 GJ ha in the control and 64.6 GJ ha when applying fertilizers at a rate of N₉₀P₃₀K₃₀ in the Krasnoyarskaya 12 variety. On unfavorable years, the total energy yield was significantly lower, and fertilizer application led to a decrease by 4.0-9.5 GJ ha for all varieties. The increase of the total energy on favorable years ranged from 32.2 GJ ha in the control to 47.8 GJ ha at a rate of N₉₀P₃₀K₃₀. On unfavorable years, the increase of energy in the control was 25.3-29.3 GJ ha, and in plots with a rate of N₉₀P₃₀K₃₀ it decreased to 13.1-13.9 GJ ha. The highest energy efficiency coefficient on favorable years was 4.28 at a rate of N₆₀P₃₀K₃₀. On unfavorable years, fertilizer application led to decreased coefficient of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety - from 2.67 to 1.79; Kanskaya - from 3.32 to 1.78; Krasnoyarskaya 12 - from 3.19 to 1.79.