Evaluation of hybrid sunflower combinations obtained on the basis of parental forms of the Altai and Poseydon 625 varieties

Abstract

Sunflower is one of the main oil crops in the world, including Russia. A possible solution to the problem of increasing crop yields may be the introduction of new domestic varieties and hybrids with high productivity and product quality into the production process. In the Altai Region, selective breeding and seed production is successfully carried out by the staff of the Sibagrotsentr Company. To enhance the efficiency of the plant breeding process, the company’s plant breeders evaluated inter-varietal hybrids regarding their agronomic and economic characters in comparison with their parental forms under the conditions of the Aley River area of the Altai Region. The studies were carried out in the fields of the farm KFKh Nauka and at the agrochemical laboratory of the OOO NPO Altai (research and production enterprise) in 2017 and 2018. The research targets were two hybrid combinations: Altai♀ × Poseydon 625♂ and Poseydon 625♀ × Altai♂, and their parental forms: the Altai variety and the Poseydon 625 variety. Based on the observation results, the hybrids and parental forms in our study were assigned to the late-ripening group with a growing season of 101.0 days in 2017 (Altai♀ × Poseidon 625♂) and 100.8 days in 2018 (Altai variety). The Altai♀ × Poseidon 625♂ hybrid formed a more powerful plant on both years of the research (171.3 cm in 2017 and 169.8 cm in 2018). The maximum thousand-achene weight was obtained from the Poseidon 625♀ × Altai♂ hybrid in 2017 - 145.3 g and in 2018 - 128.1 g. The excess over the Altai♀ × Poseidon 625♂ hybrid was 2.3% and 6.7%, respectively. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained from the Poseidon 625 × Altai hybrid on all years of the study.