Influence of planting pattern on growth and development of Jerusalem artichoke in the arid zone of the Astrakhan Region

Abstract

The data on the influence of the planting patterns of Jerusalem artichoke varieties on the growth, development and yield of crops in the arid zone of the Astrakhan Region are discussed. The research was carried out in 2022 and 2023 in the field of the AO “Chaganskoe” of the Kamyzyakskiy District of the Astrakhan Region. The analysis of the research findings showed that the soil and climatic conditions of the arid zone favorably influenced the passage time of the phenological phases of plant development as well as the interphase period. The growth and development of Jerusalem artichoke plants in the arid zone of the Astrakhan Region during the growing season with the sum of effective temperatures (3360°C) and hydrothermal index (0.29) contributed to the passage of phenological phases of development with a slight deviation between the phases depending on the planting pattern from 1-2 to 7-8 days, so the germination period of the Omskiy belyy and Skorospelka varieties with a planting pattern of 70 × 30 proceeded earlier from 1-2 days, and with a planting pattern of 70 × 70 cm - from 3-4 days; as a result, the flowering phase of these varieties also occurred earlier. In the variety Interes, the flowering stage with the same planting pattern (70 × 30) came earlier by 7-8 days. The ripening and harvesting stages with the 70 × 30 cm planting pattern for the varieties Skorospelka and Omskiy belyy occurred earlier by 4-5 days than in the 70 × 70 cm tuber planting pattern. Also, all the studied Jerusalem artichoke varieties showed good yields when using a wide-row planting pattern of 70 × 30 cm. The highest yield was obtained from the variety Interes - 40.2 t ha; the yield of the Omskiy belyy variety - 37.1 t ha, and Skorospelka variety - 36.7 t ha. At the same time, the yields of Jerusalem artichoke varieties when grown according to the 70 × 70 planting pattern was slightly lower: 38.7 t ha, 35.8 t ha and 34.5 t ha, respectively.