Development of common bean accessions in the Biya-Chumysh zone of the Altai Region

Abstract

Intensification of agricultural production requires expanded use of the most studied crops adapted to the growing conditions and, to a greater extent, varieties and hybrids of these crops. The research findings on the growth of common bean varieties in the Biya-Chumysh zone of the Altai Region in 2022 and 2023 are discussed. The duration of phenological stages and growing season of nine varieties and three local forms of common beans was studied. The duration of phenological stages largely depended on the weather conditions. In 2022, abundant precipitation in May and early June made it possible to obtain full shoots of all accessions on the ninth day, while in 2023 (arid conditions), sprouts were observed on the fourteenth day which was by five days longer than in the previous study period. Return frosts in June 2022 had a negative impact on crop germination; the plants again increased green mass and as a result, the duration of the “germination-flowering” phenological stages of the accessions in 2022 ranged from 32 to 45 days, and in 2023 - from 31 to 41 days. The accessions were classified according to the duration of their growing season. It was found that the average duration of the growing season of the accessions was 98.1 days. The varieties Sirenevaya, Lukerya, Olivkovaya, Businka, Zebra and the local form MF 1 are assigned to the mid-season maturity group with the growing season duration from 86 to 95 days. The varieties Fizkulturnitsa, Omskaya Yubileynaya, Omichka, Nerussa and local forms MF 2 and MF 3 are classified as late-ripening with the growing season duration longer than 95 days.