Complications at operative therapy of certain surgical conditions in the perineum, anus and rectum in dogs

Abstract

The most common surgical conditions of the perineal, anal and rectal areas in dogs are benign and malignant neoplasms, perineal hernias and rectal diverticula. In the perianal area in dogs, the following conditions are most often diagnosed: adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the hepatoid glands and apocrine glands of the paraanal sinuses, and in the rectal area - colorectal inflammatory polyps, adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the rectum. The main treatment method for most of these pathologies is surgical excision of neoplasms which makes it urgent to study surgical methods and complications that arise, as well as search for ways to prevent them. The research goal was to determine the incidence of postoperative complications at surgical interventions in the perineal, anal and rectal areas in dogs. The study was conducted at the Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine and VEGA veterinary clinics network in the City of Saint Petersburg in 2022 and 2023. The study involved 18 dogs of various breeds (average age of 10.3 years) which underwent 26 surgical interventions for pathologies in the anus, rectum and perineum (five animals underwent repeated operations due to the development of postoperative complications or relapse of the disease). Postoperative complications were diagnosed after 53.8% of operations. The greatest number of complications was recorded after operations that injured the wall of the rectum - up to 100% of operations. The results of the study show that determining the causes and developing methods for preventing complications after operations in the perianal area are pressing issues.