Production of extruded feeds from wheat grain and sprouted soybeans

Abstract

Feed mixtures prepared for feeding to animals are not always balanced in terms of basic nutrients, in particular protein, vitamins and minerals. The nutritional value of diets can be increased by introducing concentrate feeds based on wheat grain and soybeans which have high content of metabolizable energy. But soybeans are not recommended to be fed raw as they contain antinutrients. To reduce the activity of antinutrients, heat treatment and germination methods are used. Therefore, research aimed at studying the production process of extruded feed - concentrates with pre-germination of soybeans - is relevant. The research goal is to determine the nutritional value of the resulting extrudate based on wheat grain depending on the weight content of pre-sprouted soybeans in the grain mixture before extrusion. The objective of the study was to study the chemical composition and energy value of extrudates. Spring wheat Novosibirskaya 15 and soybeans Zaryanitsa RS1 were used as raw materials. Sprouting of beans was carried out on a developed and patented device for sprouting grain, the material was mixed in a paddle-type mixer and extruded in a screw extruder. Soybeans sprouted to 1.5-2 mm were added to the mixture for extrusion in amounts of 10, 15, 20, and 25%. Analyzing the results, it was found that in the obtained extrudates from native wheat and sprouted soybeans with their increase concentration in the mixture from 10 to 25%, the amount of crude protein increased from 14.8 to 17.5%, sugar - from 3.55 to 4 .3%, carotene - from 3.45 to 5.20 mg kg. The amount of starch decreases from 39.8 to 33.9%, nitrogen-free extractive substances - from 78.5 to 74.0%. Metabolizable energy changes slightly and averages 12.9 MJ kg.