Influence of growing conditions on spring wheat plant development

Abstract

To better ensure the country's food security, it is necessary to develop the most efficient management of seed production. To further optimize the seed production, comprehensive long-term research is needed in many areas affecting plant development during seed production. This includes the issues of biotechnology, plant physiology, agronomy and other areas. The research goal was to evaluate the influence of growing conditions on the development of spring wheat plants and to identify the most efficient ones. The research was carried out in the Altai Region’s Ob River area from 2020 through 2022. The research target was the spring soft wheat variety Altayskaya 530. In the experiment, the following was studied: the influence of tillage depth - deep subsurface tillage (25...27 cm); shallow subsurface tillage (14...16 cm); surface tillage (6...8 cm); pre-sowing fertilizer application (N₄₀Р₂₅); application of plant protection products. The experiment included 12 variants. It was found that deep tillage had greater influence on the formation of productive stems regardless of the use of additional agronomic techniques (fertilizers and plant protection products). Plant height developed more intensively in the variants 8 and 12 with tillage and the application of fertilizers and plant protection products. Plant height also varied depending on the year of trials. The consistently maximum ear length throughout the years of research was obtained in variant 8 (shallow tillage + fertilizers + plant protection), respectively, 8.5 cm; 9.4 cm; 8.2 cm. The largest number of grains was formed in the variants with minimal tillage throughout the years of research. The maximum value was obtained in the variant 5 (30 pcs. per ear) in 2021 shallow tillage without any fertilizers and plant protection products.